mindmap root((精通)) proficient implies a thorough competence derived from training and practice: a translator thoroughly ~ in Russian. adept implies special aptitude as well as proficiency: very ~ at handling large numbers in his head. （aptitude天分==innate capacity+natural liking天生能力+喜欢，美国高考SAT的A） skilled stresses mastery of technique: a delicate operation requiring a ~ surgeon. （delicate这里表示棘手需要小心） skillful implies individual dexterity in execution or performance: a shrewd and ~ manipulation of public opinion. expert implies extraordinary proficiency and often connotes knowledge as well as technical skill: ~ in the identification and evaluation of wines.